零基础学习stm32串口给大家总结5个串口的应用及注意事项

发布时间:2022-12-20  

  串口是我们常用的一个数据传输接口,STM32F103系列单片机共有5个串口。

  其中1-3是通用同步/异步串行接口USART(Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)。

  4,、5是通用异步串行接口UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)。

  配置串口包括三部分内容:

  1. I/O口配置:TXD配置为复用推挽输出(GPIO_Mode_AF_PP),RXD配置为浮空输入(GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING);

  2. 串口配置:波特率等;

  3. 中断向量配置:一般用中断方式接收数据。

  注意事项:

  1. USART1是挂在APB2,使能时钟命令为:

  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE );

  其他几个则挂在APB1上,如2口:

  RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2, ENABLE );

  2. 配置4口和5口的时候,中断名为UART4、UART5,中断入口分别为

  UART4_IRQn、UART5_IRQn

  对应的中断服务函数为

  void UART4_IRQHandler(void)

  和

  void UART5_IRQHandler(void)。

  下面是5个串口的配置函数和收发数据函数代码:

  #include "stm32f10x.h"

  #include "misc.h"

  #include "stm32f10x_gpio.h"

  #include "stm32f10x_usart.h"

  void USART1_Configuration(void)

  {

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

  USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;

  NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE );

  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE );

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9; //USART1 TX;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; //复用推挽输出;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;

  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //端口A;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10; //USART1 RX;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING; //浮空输入;

  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //端口A;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600; //波特率;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //数据位8位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //停止位1位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ; //无校验位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;

  //无硬件流控;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;

  //收发模式;

  USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);//配置串口参数;

  NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); //设置中断组,4位抢占优先级,4位响应优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn; //中断号;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; //抢占优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0; //响应优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;

  NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

  USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);

  USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE); //使能串口;

  }

  void USART1_Send_Byte(u8 Data) //发送一个字节;

  {

  USART_SendData(USART1,Data);

  while( USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET );

  }

  void USART1_Send_String(u8 *Data) //发送字符串;

  {

  while(*Data)

  USART1_Send_Byte(*Data++);

  }

  void USART1_IRQHandler(void) //中断处理函数;

  {

  u8 res;

  if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET) //判断是否发生中断;

  {

  USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE); //清除标志位;

  res=USART_ReceiveData(USART1); //接收数据;

  USART1_Send_Byte(res); //用户自定义;

  }

  }

  void USART2_Configuration(void)

  {

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

  USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;

  NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE );

  RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2, ENABLE );

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_2; //USART2 TX;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; //复用推挽输出;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;

  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //端口A;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_3; //USART2 RX;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING; //浮空输入;

  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //端口A;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600; //波特率;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //数据位8位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //停止位1位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ; //无校验位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;

  //无硬件流控;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;

  //收发模式;

  USART_Init(USART2, &USART_InitStructure);//配置串口参数;

  NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); //设置中断组,4位抢占优先级,4位响应优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART2_IRQn; //中断号;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; //抢占优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0; //响应优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;

  NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

  USART_ITConfig(USART2, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);

  USART_Cmd(USART2, ENABLE); //使能串口;

  }

  void USART2_Send_Byte(u8 Data) //发送一个字节;

  {

  USART_SendData(USART2,Data);

  while( USART_GetFlagStatus(USART2, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET );

  }

  void USART2_Send_String(u8 *Data) //发送字符串;

  {

  while(*Data)

  USART2_Send_Byte(*Data++);

  }

  void USART2_IRQHandler(void) //中断处理函数;

  {

  u8 res;

  if(USART_GetITStatus(USART2, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET) //判断是否发生中断;

  {

  USART_ClearFlag(USART2, USART_IT_RXNE); //清除标志位;

  res=USART_ReceiveData(USART2); //接收数据;

  USART2_Send_Byte(res); //用户自定义;

  }

  }

  void USART3_Configuration(void)

  {

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

  USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;

  NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE );

  RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART3, ENABLE );

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10; //USART3 TX;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; //复用推挽输出;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;

  GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); //端口B;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_11; //USART3 RX;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING; //浮空输入;

  GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); //端口B;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600; //波特率;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //数据位8位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //停止位1位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ; //无校验位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;

  //无硬件流控;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;

  //收发模式;

  USART_Init(USART3, &USART_InitStructure);//配置串口参数;

  NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); //设置中断组,4位抢占优先级,4位响应优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART3_IRQn; //中断号;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; //抢占优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0; //响应优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;

  NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

  USART_ITConfig(USART3, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);

  USART_Cmd(USART3, ENABLE); //使能串口;

  }

  void USART3_Send_Byte(u8 Data) //发送一个字节;

  {

  USART_SendData(USART3,Data);

  while( USART_GetFlagStatus(USART3, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET );

  }

  void USART3_Send_String(u8 *Data) //发送字符串;

  {

  while(*Data)

  USART3_Send_Byte(*Data++);

  }

  void USART3_IRQHandler(void) //中断处理函数;

  {

  u8 res;

  if(USART_GetITStatus(USART3, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET) //判断是否发生中断;

  {

  USART_ClearFlag(USART3, USART_IT_RXNE); //清除标志位;

  res=USART_ReceiveData(USART3); //接收数据;

  USART3_Send_Byte(res); //用户自定义;

  }

  }

  void UART4_Configuration(void)

  {

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

  USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;

  NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC, ENABLE );

  RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_UART4, ENABLE );

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10; //UART4 TX;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; //复用推挽输出;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;

  GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStructure); //端口C;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_11; //UART4 RX;

  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING; //浮空输入;

  GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStructure); //端口C;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600; //波特率;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //数据位8位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //停止位1位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ; //无校验位;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;

  //无硬件流控;

  USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;

  //收发模式;

  USART_Init(UART4, &USART_InitStructure);//配置串口参数;

  NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); //设置中断组,4位抢占优先级,4位响应优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = UART4_IRQn; //中断号;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; //抢占优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0; //响应优先级;

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;

  NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

  USART_ITConfig(UART4, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);

  USART_Cmd(UART4, ENABLE); //使能串口;

  }

  void UART4_Send_Byte(u8 Data) //发送一个字节;

  {

  USART_SendData(UART4,Data);

  while( USART_GetFlagStatus(UART4, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET );

  }

  void UART4_Send_String(u8 *Data) //发送字符串;

  {

  while(*Data)

  UART4_Send_Byte(*Data++);

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