首先将1/32-1/64的定点化数据存放到ROM中，ROM中存放的是扩大了2^20 次方的数字四舍五入后的整数部分。n值越大，精度越大，误差越小。这里取n=20；

ROM中存储的数据是1/（32+i）*2^20的四舍五入的整数部分。

32-64间的数据可以通过查表来实现，其他的数据则采用的是线性逼近的方法。

线性逼近的步骤为：

1.确定最高非零比特位的位置

2.对z进行左移或者右移，得到zp

3.zp查找ROM，得到1/zp，以及1/（zp+1），

4.求的1/zp-1/（zp+1），为误差A

5.N=z-zp*2^(m-5)

6.B=A/2^（m-5）*N

7.将扩大的部分缩小回去，或者缩小了的放大回去，那么1/z=(1/zp-B)*(1/2^(m-5))

代码插入：

module top_inv(
    input clk,syn_rst,
    input [20:0]dataa,
    input [20:0]datab,
    //input [20:0]ampout,
    output reg [19:0]inv
   // output reg done );
    reg [4:0] address1;
    reg [4:0 ]address2;
    wire [4:0] m;
   // wire done;
    reg [19:0]invr;
    reg [20:0] ampout_r;
    reg [20:0] ampout_r1;
    wire [20:0] ampout;
    reg [20:0] ampoutr1,ampoutr2,ampoutr3,ampoutr4;
    wire [19:0] inv_r1;
    wire [19:0] inv_r2;
    reg [20:0] diff_r;
    reg [19:0] diffr;
    reg [19:0] diff;
    reg [19:0] N;
    reg [19:0] N1;
    reg en;
    
  always @(posedge clk or negedge syn_rst)
  begin if(~syn_rst)
    begin
    ampoutr1<=21'd0;
    ampoutr2<=21'd0;
    ampoutr3<=21'd0;
    ampoutr4<=21'd0;
    end else ampoutr1<=ampout; ampoutr2<=ampoutr1; ampoutr3<=ampoutr2; ampoutr4<=ampoutr3; end reg [19:0] inv_r1t1,inv_r1t2,inv_r1t3; always@(posedge clk or negedge syn_rst) begin if(~syn_rst)
    begin
        inv_r1t1<=0; inv_r1t2<=0; inv_r1t3<=0; end else begin
        inv_r1t1<=inv_r1; inv_r1t2<=inv_r1t1; inv_r1t3<=inv_r1t2; end end reg [4:0] mt1,mt2,mt3,mt4,mt5; always@(posedge clk or negedge syn_rst) begin if(~syn_rst)
    begin
        mt1<=0; mt2<=0; mt3<=0; mt4<=0; mt5<=0; end else begin
        mt1<=m; mt2<=mt1; mt3<=mt2; mt4<=mt3; mt5<=mt4; end end reg sel; reg selr1,selr2; always @(posedge clk or negedge syn_rst) begin if(~syn_rst)
      begin
         diff<=0; diffr <= 0; ampout_r<='b0;
         ampout_r1<=0; address1<='b0;
         address2<='b0;
         en<=0; sel<=0; end else begin // if(done) //begin if((ampout>=32)&&(ampout<=64)) begin ampout_r<=0; ampout_r1<=0; address1<=ampoutr3-32; address2<= 0; diff <= 0; diffr <= 0; N <= 0; N1<= 0; en<=0;//不需要计算m的值 sel<=0; selr1<=0; selr2<=0; end else begin en<=1;//需要计算m的值 if(m>5)
             begin
                // ampoutrr<=ampout; ampout_r<=ampoutr1>>(m-5);
                 ampout_r1<=ampout_r;//zp address1<=ampout_r-32;///inv_r1 address2<=ampout_r-31;///inv_r2 diff <= inv_r1-inv_r2; diffr <=diff; N1<=ampout_r1<<(mt2-5); N<=ampoutr4-N1; selr1<=1; selr2 <= selr1; sel <= selr2; end if(m<5) begin //ampoutrr<=ampout; ampout_r<=ampoutr1<<(5-m);// mt4 mt3 mt2 ampout_r1 <= ampout_r;// N N1 ampout_r1 address1<=ampout_r-32;///mt4 inv_r1 address2<=ampout_r-31;//inv_r1t3 inv_r2 mt1 diff <= inv_r1-inv_r2;//diff_r<>(5-mt2);
                  N<=ampoutr4-N1; selr1<=1; selr2 <= selr1; sel <= selr2; end end end // end end // assign diff=sel?(inv_r1-inv_r2):'b0;
  //assign N=sel?(ampout-N1):0;
  //assign diff_r = en?(diff*N>>(m-5)):0;
  //assign diff_r = (m>5)?(diff*N>>(m-5)):(diff*N<<(5-m)); // assign inv = sel?(inv_r1-diff_r)>>(m-5):inv_r1;
 
  always@(posedge clk or negedge syn_rst)
  begin if(~syn_rst)
      begin
        invr<=0; // done<=0; diff_r<=0; end else begin if(sel) begin if(m>5)begin
                diff_r <= diffr*N>>(mt4-5);
                invr<=(inv_r1t3-diff_r)>>(mt5-5);
         // done<=1; end else begin
                diff_r <= diffr*N<<(5-mt4); invr<=(inv_r1t3-diff_r)<<(5-mt5); // done<=1; end end else begin
            diff_r<=0; invr<=inv_r1t3; end end end always@(posedge clk or negedge syn_rst) begin if(~syn_rst)
    begin
        inv<=0; end else begin if(invr)
            inv<= invr; else inv<=inv; end end //ROM 核的例化 rom u_rom(.clk(clk), .address1(address1), .address2(address2), .inv_r1(inv_r1), .inv_r2(inv_r2)//, //.c(c) ); //例化寻找最高非零位 not_0 u_not_0 ( // port map - connection between master ports and signals/registers .ampout(ampout), .clk(clk), .m(m), .en(en), .syn_rst(syn_rst) ); complex_abs u_comlex_abs( .clk(clk), .syn_rst(~syn_rst), .dataa(dataa), .datab(datab), .ampout(ampout) ); endmodule

那么最终的仿真结果：如果直接查询的话，结果输出延时一个时钟周期，如果线性逼近的方法得到，延时3-5个时钟周期，这里周期设定为20ns；

占用资源报告：

增加一个求平方根的模块以后的仿真结果（数据输入后，一共需要约10个时钟周期才可以计算出一个平方更求导数值）。有一个小疑问就是怎么添加一个标志信号，让我们知道哪里输出的inv 信号是有效的