一、前言
以STM32为例,打开网络上下载的例程或者是购买开发板自带的例程,都会发现应用层中会有stm32f10x.h或者stm32f10x_gpio.h,这些文件严格来时属于硬件层的,如果软件层出现这些文件会显得很乱。
使用过Linux的童鞋们肯定知道linux系统无法直接操作硬件层,打开linux或者rt_thread代码会发现代码中都会有device的源文件,没错,这就是驱动层。
二、实现原理
原理就是将硬件操作的接口全都放到驱动链表上,在驱动层实现device的open、read、write等操作。当然这样做也有弊端,就是驱动find的时候需要遍历一遍驱动链表,这样会增加代码运行时间。
三、代码实现
国际惯例,写代码先写头文件。rt_thread中使用的是双向链表,为了简单在这我只用单向链表。有兴趣的可以自行研究rt_thread
头文件接口:
本次只实现如下接口,device_open 和device_close等剩下的接口可以自行研究。这样就可以在应用层中只调用如下接口可实现:
/*
驱动注册
*/
int cola_device_register(cola_device_t *dev);
/*
驱动查找
*/
cola_device_t*cola_device_find(constchar*name);
/*
驱动读
*/
int cola_device_read(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, void *buffer, int size);
/*
驱动写
*/
int cola_device_write(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, const void *buffer, int size);
/*
驱动控制
*/
int cola_device_ctrl(cola_device_t *dev, int cmd, void *arg);;
头文件cola_device.h:
#ifndef_COLA_DEVICE_H_
#define _COLA_DEVICE_H_
enumLED_state
{
LED_OFF,
LED_ON,
LED_TOGGLE,
};
typedefstructcola_devicecola_device_t;
structcola_device_ops
{
int(*init)(cola_device_t*dev);
int(*open)(cola_device_t*dev,intoflag);
int(*close)(cola_device_t*dev);
int(*read)(cola_device_t*dev,intpos,void*buffer,intsize);
int(*write)(cola_device_t*dev,intpos,constvoid*buffer,intsize);
int(*control)(cola_device_t*dev,intcmd,void*args);
};
structcola_device
{
constchar*name;
structcola_device_ops*dops;
structcola_device*next;
};
/*
驱动注册
*/
int cola_device_register(cola_device_t *dev);
/*
驱动查找
*/
cola_device_t *cola_device_find(const char *name);
/*
驱动读
*/
int cola_device_read(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, void *buffer, int size);
/*
驱动写
*/
int cola_device_write(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, const void *buffer, int size);
/*
驱动控制
*/
int cola_device_ctrl(cola_device_t *dev, int cmd, void *arg);
#endif
源文件cola_device.c:
#include"cola_device.h"
#include
#include
struct cola_device *device_list = NULL;
/*
查找任务是否存在
*/
static bool cola_device_is_exists( cola_device_t *dev )
{
cola_device_t*cur=device_list;
while(cur!=NULL)
{
if(strcmp(cur->name,dev->name)==0)
{
returntrue;
}
cur=cur->next;
}
returnfalse;
}
static int device_list_inster(cola_device_t *dev)
{
cola_device_t *cur = device_list;
if(NULL==device_list)
{
device_list=dev;
dev->next=NULL;
}
else
{
while(NULL!=cur->next)
{
cur=cur->next;
}
cur->next=dev;
dev->next=NULL;
}
return1;
}
/*
驱动注册
*/
int cola_device_register(cola_device_t *dev)
{
if((NULL==dev)||(cola_device_is_exists(dev)))
{
return0;
}
if((NULL==dev->name)||(NULL==dev->dops))
{
return0;
}
returndevice_list_inster(dev);
}
/*
驱动查找
*/
cola_device_t*cola_device_find(constchar*name)
{
cola_device_t*cur=device_list;
while(cur!=NULL)
{
if(strcmp(cur->name,name)==0)
{
returncur;
}
cur=cur->next;
}
returnNULL;
}
/*
驱动读
*/
int cola_device_read(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, void *buffer, int size)
{
if(dev)
{
if(dev->dops->read)
{
returndev->dops->read(dev,pos,buffer,size);
}
}
return0;
}
/*
驱动写
*/
int cola_device_write(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, const void *buffer, int size)
{
if(dev)
{
if(dev->dops->write)
{
returndev->dops->write(dev,pos,buffer,size);
}
}
return0;
}
/*
驱动控制
*/
int cola_device_ctrl(cola_device_t *dev, int cmd, void *arg)
{
if(dev)
{
if(dev->dops->control)
{
returndev->dops->control(dev,cmd,arg);
}
}
return0;
}
硬件注册方式:以LED为例,初始化接口voidled_register(void),需要在初始化中调用。
#include"stm32f0xx.h"
#include"led.h"
#include"cola_device.h"
#definePORT_GREEN_LEDGPIOC
#define PIN_GREENLED GPIO_Pin_13
/*LED亮、灭、变化*/
#defineLED_GREEN_OFF(PORT_GREEN_LED->BSRR=PIN_GREENLED)
#defineLED_GREEN_ON(PORT_GREEN_LED->BRR=PIN_GREENLED)
#define LED_GREEN_TOGGLE (PORT_GREEN_LED->ODR ^= PIN_GREENLED)
static cola_device_t led_dev;
static void led_gpio_init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDefGPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_GPIOC,ENABLE);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=PIN_GREENLED;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_OUT;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType=GPIO_OType_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd=GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;
GPIO_Init(PORT_GREEN_LED,&GPIO_InitStructure);
LED_GREEN_OFF;
}
static int led_ctrl(cola_device_t *dev, int cmd, void *args)
{
if(LED_TOGGLE==cmd)
{
LED_GREEN_TOGGLE;
}
else{
}
return1;
}
staticstructcola_device_opsops=
{
.control=led_ctrl,
};
void led_register(void)
{
led_gpio_init();
led_dev.dops=&ops;
led_dev.name="led";
cola_device_register(&led_dev);
}
应用层app代码:
#include
#include"app.h"
#include"config.h"
#include"cola_device.h"
#include "cola_os.h"
statictask_ttimer_500ms;
static cola_device_t *app_led_dev;
//led每500ms状态改变一次
static void timer_500ms_cb(uint32_t event)
{
cola_device_ctrl(app_led_dev,LED_TOGGLE,0);
}
void app_init(void)
{
app_led_dev=cola_device_find("led");
assert(app_led_dev);
cola_timer_create(&timer_500ms,timer_500ms_cb);
cola_timer_start(&timer_500ms,TIMER_ALWAYS,500);
}
这样 app.c 文件中就不需要调用 led.h 头文件了,rtt 就是这样实现的。
四、总结
这样就可以实现软硬件分层了,是不是非常好用!