基于STM32的元器件特性测试仪过程

发布时间:2023-08-02  

元器件特性测试仪任务要求

通过编程完成对5种以上元器件特性的测量


能够自动识别元器件

在OLED屏幕上通过图形化的界面显示各种元器件的符号及测量得到的信息

实验环境

硬件:STM32G031G8U6核心板、硬禾学堂制作的底板

软件:STM32CubeMX、CLion、STM32CubeProgrammer

实现思路

首先进行一个大致的元器件类型的判断,再精确地测量元器件的各项属性,最后显示在OLED屏幕上

各部分的介绍元器件类型的判断

思路:首先给元器件放电,再轮番给这3pin中的每2pin进行正反地通电,会得到六次结果。将每2pin的结果存储下来,进行排序后根据元器件特性进行判断元器件的类型,初步判断后存下引脚信息并进行参数的测量和屏幕显示,具体参考如图:

49bb3588-9876-11eb-8b86-12bb97331649.png

代码如下

void QuickCheck() {

QUICKJUDGE result = {0}; //before compare, the result.sat should be sorted

uint8_t BJTFEA[4] = “011”; //BJT

uint8_t DioFea[4] = “001”; //diode/E-MOS

uint8_t ResFea[4] = “002”; //resistance/inductance/charged capacitance

uint8_t CapFea[4] = “000”; //capacitance/no element

uint8_t temp; //交换时用于缓存变量

discharge();

if (QuickTestBetween2Pin(MiddlePort, HighPort, LowPort))

result.Bmh = 1;

/* 共六组测量,代码省略 */

discharge();

if (QuickTestBetween2Pin(LowPort, HighPort, MiddlePort))

result.Blh = 1;

result.Sta[0] = result.Bmh + result.Bhm + ‘0’;

result.Sta[1] = result.Bml + result.Blm + ‘0’;

result.Sta[2] = result.Bhl + result.Blh + ‘0’;

/// Sort the result.sta from little to big

if (result.Sta[0] 》 result.Sta[1])

temp = result.Sta[0], result.Sta[0] = result.Sta[1], result.Sta[1] = temp;

if (result.Sta[1] 》 result.Sta[2])

temp = result.Sta[1], result.Sta[1] = result.Sta[2], result.Sta[2] = temp;

if (result.Sta[0] 》 result.Sta[2])

temp = result.Sta[0], result.Sta[0] = result.Sta[2], result.Sta[2] = temp;

result.Sta[3] = ‘’;

/// 以下是逐个判断元器件特征是否和已知特征符合

if (strcmp(result.Sta, CapFea) == 0) {

if (IsCap_Check()) {

ComponentFound = COMPONENT_CAPACITANCE;

Capacitance_Check(*ComponentParam.CAPPARAM.front, *ComponentParam.CAPPARAM.rear);

Capacitance_Display(ComponentParam);

} else {

Error_Report();

}

} else if (strcmp(result.Sta, DioFea) == 0) {

//TODO:Add emos and diode check

//TODO:Sometimes the caps may be metered as a diode

ComponentFound = COMPONENT_DIODE;

if (result.Bml + result.Blm) {

ComponentParam.DiodeParam.front = &MiddlePort;

ComponentParam.DiodeParam.rear = &LowPort;

} else if (result.Bhm + result.Bmh) {

ComponentParam.DiodeParam.front = &MiddlePort;

ComponentParam.DiodeParam.rear = &HighPort;

} else if (result.Blh + result.Bhl) {

ComponentParam.DiodeParam.front = &LowPort;

ComponentParam.DiodeParam.rear = &HighPort;

}

Diode_Check(*ComponentParam.DiodeParam.front, *ComponentParam.DiodeParam.rear);

Diode_Display(ComponentParam);

} else if (strcmp(result.Sta, ResFea) == 0) {

uint8_t ret = 0;

if (result.Bml + result.Blm) {

ret = IsIndOrRes_Check_Between2Pin(MiddlePort, LowPort, HighPort);

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.front = &MiddlePort;

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.rear = &LowPort;

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.front = &MiddlePort;

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.rear = &LowPort;

} else if (result.Bhm + result.Bmh) {

ret = IsIndOrRes_Check_Between2Pin(HighPort, MiddlePort, LowPort);

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.front = &MiddlePort;

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.rear = &HighPort;

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.front = &MiddlePort;

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.rear = &HighPort;

} else if (result.Blh + result.Bhl) {

ret = IsIndOrRes_Check_Between2Pin(LowPort, HighPort, MiddlePort);

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.front = &LowPort;

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.rear = &HighPort;

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.front = &LowPort;

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.rear = &HighPort;

}

if (ret == 1) {

Inductance_Check(*ComponentParam.INDPARAM.front, *ComponentParam.INDPARAM.rear);

Inductance_Display(ComponentParam);

} else if (ret == 2) {

Resistance_Check(*ComponentParam.RESPARAM.front, *ComponentParam.RESPARAM.rear);

Resistance_Display(ComponentParam);

} else {

Error_Report();

}

} else if (strcmp(result.Sta, BJTFEA) == 0) {

ComponentFound = COMPONENT_BJT;

if (result.Bhm + result.Bmh) {

ComponentParam.BJTPARAM.b = &LowPort;

ComponentParam.BJTPARAM.Channel = result.Blm;

} else if (result.Blm + result.Bml) {

ComponentParam.BJTPARAM.b = &HighPort;

ComponentParam.BJTPARAM.Channel = result.Bhl;

} else {

ComponentParam.BJTPARAM.b = &MiddlePort;

ComponentParam.BJTPARAM.Channel = result.Bmh;

}

BJT_Check();

BJT_Display(ComponentParam);

} else {

Error_Report();

}

discharge();

}

区分电阻和电感

可以给元器件充电后断电,如果检测到下端不为低电平,那就是电感。具体代码如下

/**

* @brief check the element is a inductance or a resistance

* @note firstly,set the fromPin to High and set the toPin to low

* the current direction will like that and the ADC will set here:

* fromPin---element---680r---toPin

* VCC ADC1 GND

* secondly,set the fromPin to Low and set a 470k to protect the io

* the current direction will like that and the ADC will set here:

* fromPin---470k---element---680r---toPin

* GND ADC2 GND

* if it is a inductance the ADC1 and the ADC2 will get a voltage

* while if it is a resistance the ADC1 will get a voltage and the ADC2 will be GND

* @param fromPort

* @param toPort

* @param unusedPort

* @return return 0 if it is no element ,

* return 1 if it is a inductance and

* return 2 if it is a resistance

*/

uint8_t IsIndOrRes_Check_Between2Pin(MEASUREPORT fromPort, MEASUREPORT toPort, MEASUREPORT unusedPort) {

uint16_t adcVol1, adcVol2;

MeasurePort_Init(fromPort, PORT_WITH_NONE, GPIO_PIN_SET);

MeasurePort_Init(toPort, PORT_WITH_680, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

MeasurePort_Init(unusedPort, PORT_FLOATING, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

HAL_GPIO_ReInit(toPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIOx, toPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIO_Pin, GPIO_MODE_ANALOG);

adcVol1 = GetVol(toPort);

MeasurePort_Init(fromPort, PORT_WITH_470K, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

adcVol2 = GetVol(toPort);

if ((adcVol1 《 ADCZERO) && (adcVol2 《 ADCZERO)) {

return 0;

} else if (adcVol2 《 ADCZERO) {

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.front = &fromPort;

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.rear = &toPort;

return 2;

} else {

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.front = &fromPort;

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.rear = &toPort;

return 1;

}

}

电阻的测量

电阻的参数主要有电阻值,可通过分压法测量。

首先使用680r电阻,电阻接在上端和下端各测试一次,并计算电阻值。如果电阻阻值过大,可以换用470k电阻。代码如下

/**

* @brief measure the value of resistance

* @note first measure will set as follows:

* FrontPort---resistance---680r---RearPort

* GND ADC VCC

* second measure will set as follows:

* FrontPort---680r---resistance---RearPormt

* GND ADC VCC

* third and forth measure will use the 470k resistance

* to instead the 680r to have a more accurate value

* when the resistance is big.

* @param FrontPort

* @param RearPort

*/

//TODO:the resistance of the ADC may cause some deviations when use the 470k resistance

void Resistance_Check(MEASUREPORT FrontPort, MEASUREPORT RearPort) {

uint16_t adcget[4];

float res[4];

MEASUREPORT unusedPort = GetUnusedPort(&FrontPort, &RearPort);

/// MeasurePort_Init函数用于重新初始化一个pin上的3个引脚至指定电阻和电平。

/// 如使用680r电阻,重新初始化其他两个引脚为浮空高阻,将连接着680r电阻的引脚设为指定电平

MeasurePort_Init(FrontPort, PORT_WITH_NONE, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

MeasurePort_Init(RearPort, PORT_WITH_680, GPIO_PIN_SET);

MeasurePort_Init(unusedPort, PORT_FLOATING, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

/// 重新初始化ADC引脚。ADC引脚一般为提供电阻的那组引脚中未接电阻的引脚

HAL_GPIO_ReInit(RearPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIOx, RearPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIO_Pin, GPIO_MODE_ANALOG);

/// GetVol函数用于测量指定引脚组中未接电阻那个引脚的电压

adcget[0] = GetVol(RearPort);

res[0] = 680 / (3300.0 / adcget[0] - 1);

MeasurePort_Init(FrontPort, PORT_WITH_680, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

MeasurePort_Init(RearPort, PORT_WITH_NONE, GPIO_PIN_SET);

MeasurePort_Init(unusedPort, PORT_FLOATING, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

HAL_GPIO_ReInit(FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIOx, FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIO_Pin, GPIO_MODE_ANALOG);

adcget[1] = GetVol(FrontPort);

res[1] = 680 / (adcget[1] / 3300.0) - 680;

if ((res[0] + res[1]) 》 1000) {

/* 与上面的代码类似,仅将680R改为470K电阻,省略 */

}

if ((res[0] + res[1]) 《= 10000) {

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.ResVal = (uint32_t) (res[0] + res[1]) / 2;

} else if ((res[0] + res[1]) 《= 1000000) {

qsort(res, 4, sizeof(float), cmpfunc);

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.ResVal = (uint32_t) (res[1] + res[2]) / 2;

} else {

ComponentParam.RESPARAM.ResVal = (uint32_t) (res[2] + res[3]) / 2;

}

}

电感的测量

电感的测量可以通过充电后测量放电时间来大致计算出电感值

/**

* @brief charge the inductance and discharge it

* @note get the discharge time and then calculate the value of the inductance

* the current direction will like that and the ADC will set here:

* FrontPort---680r---inductance---RearPort

* VCC ADC GND

* after charge, set the FrontPort to low

* the current direction will like that and the ADC will set here:

* FrontPort---680r---inductance---RearPort

* GND ADC GND

* if the discharge speed is too fast, use the 470k to instead and test again.

* @note calculating the value of the inductance is not verified

* @param FrontPort

* @param RearPort

*/

void Inductance_Check(MEASUREPORT FrontPort, MEASUREPORT RearPort) {

uint16_t adcget1, adcget2;

uint16_t time1, time2;

uint16_t i = 0;

MEASUREPORT unusedPort = GetUnusedPort(&FrontPort, &RearPort);

MeasurePort_Init(FrontPort, PORT_WITH_680, GPIO_PIN_SET);

MeasurePort_Init(RearPort, PORT_WITH_NONE, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

MeasurePort_Init(unusedPort, PORT_FLOATING, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

HAL_GPIO_ReInit(FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIOx, FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIO_Pin, GPIO_MODE_ANALOG);

HAL_Delay(100);

adcget1 = GetVol(FrontPort);

MeasurePort_Init(FrontPort, PORT_WITH_680, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

HAL_GPIO_ReInit(FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIOx, FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIO_Pin, GPIO_MODE_ANALOG);

time1 = HAL_GetTick();

while (i 《 0xffff) {

adcget2 = GetVol(FrontPort);

i++;

if (adcget2 《 ADCZERO) {

break;

}

}

time2 = HAL_GetTick();

if (i 《 100) {

MeasurePort_Init(FrontPort, PORT_WITH_680, GPIO_PIN_SET);

MeasurePort_Init(RearPort, PORT_WITH_NONE, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

MeasurePort_Init(unusedPort, PORT_FLOATING, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

HAL_GPIO_ReInit(FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIOx, FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIO_Pin, GPIO_MODE_ANALOG);

HAL_Delay(100);

adcget1 = GetVol(FrontPort);

MeasurePort_Init(FrontPort, PORT_WITH_470K, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

HAL_GPIO_ReInit(FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIOx, FrontPort.PIN_WITH_NONE.GPIO_Pin, GPIO_MODE_ANALOG);

time1 = HAL_GetTick();

while (i 《 0xffff) {

adcget2 = GetVol(FrontPort);

i++;

if (adcget2 《 ADCZERO) {

break;

}

}

time2 = HAL_GetTick();

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.IndVal = (time2 - time1) / (470000 * log(adcget1 / (float) adcget2)) / 1000;

} else {

ComponentParam.INDPARAM.IndVal = (time2 - time1) / (680 * log(adcget1 / (float) adcget2)) / 1000;

}

}

电容的测量

和电感类似,充电后放电,计算放电的时间。

需要注意的是这边似乎可能会对有极性的电容进行了反向充电,或者对低耐压的电容充过压,暂时没想到好的解决方法。

/**

* @brief get the value of the capacitance

* @note charge the cap and use a 680r res to discharge the cap

* calculate the value of the cap by the discharge time

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